10/05/2024
Dominica in the Dutch press:
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The clicking sounds of s***m whales contain elements that allow the animals to form ever-new sequences. US researchers have been able to use these 'words' and 'phrases' to create a s***m whale alphabet.
S***m whales, like whales and dolphins, are highly social mammals. They communicate by squeezing out air and making rapid clicking sounds. These can sound like an extremely loud zip underwater. They also use the clicking sounds to track their prey.
Scientists have been trying to understand what the click sounds mean for decades. They still don't know exactly, but now think there are series of click sounds that form a phonetic alphabet. It can be compared to words and phrases people use, according to the US researchers.
For their study published on Tuesday, they analysed more than 8,700 fragments of s***m whale clicks (codas). Using microphones attached to s***m whales, among other things, the researchers collected these codas. In this way, the scientists tracked 60 s***m whales in their natural habitat around the eastern Caribbean island of Dominica.
Small step towards understanding s***m whale language
The researchers discovered four basic components that they believe form a phonetic alphabet. Lead researcher Pratyusha Sharma believes s***m whales can use this alphabet in an unlimited number of combinations. "They don't have a fixed set of codas," Sharma tells news agency AP. "That gives them access to a much larger communication system." She explains that this gives s***m whales a very large vocabulary.
It is still only a small step towards understanding s***m whale language, but a very important one. It may still take billions of codas to figure out what message the animals are trying to convey. Artificial intelligence could speed up that process, the researchers believe.
Of all mammals, s***m whales have the largest brains. These can weigh up to 9 kilos and are as much as six times the size of an average human brain. The animals live in matriarchal groups of about 10 s***m whales and sometimes meet hundreds or thousands of other cetaceans. They can grow up to 18 metres long and dive 1,000 metres deep.